Drinking water

In South Africa, SANS 241 (Drinking Water Specification) is considered the mandatory standard for all water intended for human consumption, regardless of whether the source is a municipal tap or a private borehole. While regulations strictly require full SANS 241 compliance for commercial and public use, for private, “reasonable” domestic use, the testing requirements may be adapted to a more limited, risk-based approach, although full testing is recommended for safety. 

Here is a breakdown of the regulatory requirements and testing standards for borehole water:

1. General Public and Commercial Use (Strict Compliance)

If a borehole is used to supply water to the public (e.g., in a development, residential complex, guest house or school) or for commercial/business purposes (e.g., factories, food premises), the water must meet the strict SANS 241:2025 standard.

2. Private Domestic Use (Abbreviated/Risk-Based Testing)

For private, personal residential use, the owner is responsible for the safety of their own water, and in some cases, an abbreviated (or “screening”) list of tests is acceptable to evaluate safety. 

Private boreholes are, according to the Department of Water and Sanitation, primarily for “reasonable” domestic use.

3. Key Differences in Testing

• Full SANS 241 (Commercial/Public): Covers all 4 risk categories (Microbiological, Physical, Chemical).
• Abbreviated Test (Private Domestic): Focuses on the most common contaminants found in groundwater, such as faecal contamination and high nitrates. 

Crucial Note: Regardless of the type of use, if the test reveals that the borehole water does not meet SANS 241 standards, the water should be treated (e.g., using UV disinfection, filters, or reverse osmosis).